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The EMF blog

Free articles from the EMF team to help you revise smarter for the FRCEM & MRCEM finals.

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Critical Appraisal

Crossover Trial

EM FINAL EXAMS Critical Appraisal · Study design Crossover Trial Each participant receives BOTH treatments in sequence and acts as their own…

emfinalexams3 min
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Critical Appraisal

Randomised Controlled Trial

EM FINAL EXAMS Critical Appraisal · Study design Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) Allocate participants by chance to intervention or control — the…

emfinalexams3 min
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Critical Appraisal

Cohort Study

EM FINAL EXAMS Critical Appraisal · Study design Cohort Study Take groups defined by their exposure and follow them FORWARD in time…

emfinalexams3 min
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Critical Appraisal

Case-Control Study

EM FINAL EXAMS Critical Appraisal · Study design Case-Control Study Start with the OUTCOME — take people who have the disease and…

emfinalexams3 min
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Critical Appraisal

Cross-Sectional Study

EM FINAL EXAMS Critical Appraisal · Study design Cross-Sectional Study A snapshot — measure exposure and outcome at the SAME moment, in…

emfinalexams3 min
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Critical Appraisal

Case Series & Case Reports

EM FINAL EXAMS Critical Appraisal · Study design Case Series & Case Reports A detailed description of one (case report) or a…

emfinalexams3 min
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Critical Appraisal

Hierarchy of Evidence

EM FINAL EXAMS Critical Appraisal · Study design Hierarchy of Evidence A ranking of study designs by how susceptible they are to…

emfinalexams3 min
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Critical Appraisal

Type I & Type II Errors

EM FINAL EXAMS Critical Appraisal · Statistics Type I & Type II Errors Concluding there’s a difference when there isn’t (Type I)…

emfinalexams3 min
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Critical Appraisal

Confidence Intervals

EM FINAL EXAMS Critical Appraisal · Statistics Confidence Intervals The plausible range for the true effect — and a direct read on…

emfinalexams3 min
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Critical Appraisal

Intention-to-Treat Analysis

EM FINAL EXAMS Critical Appraisal · Trial analysis Intention-to-Treat Analysis Analyse every participant in the group they were RANDOMISED to, regardless of…

emfinalexams3 min

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